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GEOMATICS 23-01-2021
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LAN
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drought
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<?php include("session.php"); include("header.php"); ?> <title>Drought Management Support System</title> </head><body> <form action="drought_monitor.php?name=<?php echo $var ?>" method="post" > <table style="text-align: left; width: 98%; height: 10%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td background="image/back1.jpg"><table width="99%" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"><table width="98%" border="0"> <tr> <td><p align="justify"><span class="style3"><strong>Northern Kerala Drought Monitor</strong></span></p> <p align="justify"> <br /> <strong>Conceptual background of the study </strong><br> Droughts are periods of time when natural or managed water systems do not provide enough water to meet established human and environmental uses because of natural shortfalls in precipitation or stream flow (Werick, WJ, et al, 1994); and the basic reason for this being reduction in the rainfall availability for a prolonged period, lasting long enough to produce a serious hydrologic imbalance in the water use sectors. Agriculture is perhaps the commonest area or activity that is severely affected by the vagaries of the climatic variables of any region. Drought may be monitored by assessing the degree of departure of a defining variable such as precipitation, soil water table etc, from the average of the climatic variable selected, over some time period. This is usually done by comparing the current situation to the historical average, often based on a 30-year (or more) period of record. The departures are then interpreted as drought severity indices. One of the popular drought indices is <strong>Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)</strong> developed by Mc Kee, 1991) and adopted and used by National Drought Monitoring Centre (NDMC, USA; www.ndmc.org). </p> </td> <td width="40%" valign="top"><br><br><br><br><div align="right"><img src="image/malabar11.gif" alt="" width="400" height="300" align="top"></div></td> </tr> </table> <p align="justify"><strong>Humid tropics and the drought events: Kerala State in focus</strong><br> Kerala State belongs to a typical humid tropical region and the hydrology of the state essentially varies from that of the rest of India. The hydrological characteristics of the state present special situation, where the rainfall variations are seen to follow an annual cycle; also the spatial variations are of micro-scale. The drought events exist for shorter periods, a few months or so; but cause severe losses to the crops in the agriculture sector and hit the power and drinking water systems badly. However the scenario in rest of the country is apparently different where the drought conditions exist for prolonged periods. <br> The State, the latter-day experience is, faces unprecedented difficulties related to the localized occurrence of drought and flood conditions in several districts. The alternating attacks of drought-after-flood-after-drought syndrome have to be tackled by following the suggestions promulgated by the UNCED (Agenda-21). Hence <strong>the need for a permanent State-level facility for carrying out observation, research and dissemination of information on a real-time basis in relation to the natural disasters of floods and droughts using Space Technology is greatly felt. </strong>The long-term goal of this project is to prepare the conceptual basis for such an initiative in Kerala State. <br> Development of the proposed Drought Management Support System is initiated in the Remote Sensing Cell of CWRDM, the host research institute. After the customization of the technique to be implemented at appropriate levels (local bodies and state levels). </p> <p align="justify" ><strong>Putting the Research to Use</strong></p> <p align="justify" ><strong>a) Identify the possible end-users for the results of proposed research.</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>Farmers in the rural sector:</strong> Drought is a potential natural disaster that evades prediction using common tools and procedures. However the proposed programme will help the rural farmers and peasants in planning their agricultural activities in view of the oncoming drought events.</li> <li><strong>Irrigation Project authorities: </strong>The reservoir operation and distribution of water can be rescheduled as required to combat the dry spell.</li> <li><strong>Local bodies</strong>: Drought information dissemination and forecasting would help the local bodies to take appropriate steps to help the agricultural sector to negotiate the drought impacts.</li> <li><strong>State Government: </strong>The State can take necessary measures as declaring the drought-affected panchayaths as areas that require support. 2. Compensation to crop loss/ rehabilitation etc. can be effectively carried out. 3. Chalk out suitable long-term and short term drought management programmes. <strong></strong></li> <li><strong>Central Government: </strong>The Union can take note of the situation in drought-affected regions in the country and announce necessary support measures to help the State Governments for combating the menace. Also this will be a support to the conutry’s effort to management of impacts of climate change that has global dimensions.<strong></strong></li> <li><strong>Common public:</strong> The advancement in the fields of information dissemination and e-governance can be gainfully utilized for the development of public and farmers of the state. The `Village Resources Centres’ or the `Akshaya Centres’ can be effectively utilized for broadcasting information on impending drought events.</li> <li><strong>S&T Community</strong>: As a significant advancement towards evolving a user-friendly technique for addressing the challenge of water-related natural disasters which strike the country almost regularly every year, the scientific community will be benefitted.</li> <li>List the actions that will be necessary to put the results to use.</li> <ol> <li>The services of the EDUSAT system that hosts the operations of the Village Resources Centres may be utilized for now-casting drought information in terms of predictions and assessments;</li> <li>The `<strong>Akshaya Centres’</strong>, under the Information department of Kerala Government can be effectively used as data forecasting centres.</li> <li>A leased-line internet connectivity from BSNL (or other providers) of 10 Mbps will be used for satellite data downloading and for uploading the drought forecasts and other meteorological information useful to the farmers and the common public.</li> </ol> <li>List the difficulties/problems that may be encountered in putting the results to use.</li> <ol> <li>Staff at the local bodies entrusted with the work may require training although minimal.</li> </ol> </ol> <p align="justify" class="style5">selected farmers from the rural areas of the selected districts, trainers of the Akshaya centres, Gramasree workers, members of the State Literary Mission, Members of the local bodies etc will be involved in the implementation and operationalization of the programme.</p> </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> <?php include("footer.php"); ?>